The purpose of descriptive text : To describe the characteristics or particular person, thing, or place.

Text Structure :

·         Identification  à Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.

·         Description      à Gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.

We get the purpose from the text above that description is used in all forms of writing to create a vivid impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: ·

• Describe a special place and explain why it is special.
• Describe the most important person in your live.
• Describe the animal’s habit in your report.

Descriptive writing or text is usually also used to help writer develop an aspect of their work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc. To complete our intention to, here are the characteristics based on descriptive writing or text, below;

As a feature, description is a style of writing which can be useful for other variety of purposes as:

• To engage a reader’s attention
• To create characters
• To set a mood or create an atmosphere
• To being writing to life

While in language function, descriptive writing;

• Aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is like
• Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives and adverbs.
• Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to the main purpose of the description.
• Sensory description-what is heard, seen, smelt, felt, tasted.Precise use of adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. their noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
• Strong  development of the experience that “put the reader there” focuses on key details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.

Beyond the characteristics stated on, descriptive writing also consists of generic structure in range as:

1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing

The description text has dominant language features as follows:

1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

Well guys,
Below are examples of descriptive text :)

Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia, located approximately 18 km east of Yogyakarta.

The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the 47m high central building inside a large complex of individual temples.

It was built around 850 CE by either Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram dynasty, or Balitung Maha Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its construction, the temple was abandoned and began to deteriorate. Reconstruction of the compound began in 1918. The main building was completed in around 1953. Much of the original stonework has been stolen and reused at remote construction sites. A temple will only be rebuilt if at least 75% of the original stones are available, and therefore only the foundation walls of most of the smaller shrines are now visible and with no plans for their reconstruction.

The temple was damaged during the earthquake in Java in 2006. Early photos suggest that although the complex appears to be structurally intact, damage is significant. Large pieces of debris, including carvings, were scattered over the ground. The temple has been closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed. The head of Yogyakarta Archaeological Conservation Agency stated that: “it will take months to identify the precise damage”. However, some weeks later in 2006 the site re-opened for visitors. The immediate surroundings of the Hindu temples remain off-limits for safety reasons.

NOUN PHRASE

The noun phrase is a group of words that ends with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, a, this, etc.), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases.

Example:

• My coach is happy.
• I like the cars over there.
• The woman who lives there is my aunt.
• Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
• I consider Meong my favorite cat.
• Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
• To read quickly and accurately is John’s goal.
• Two of my guests have arrived.
• Mr. Jones spoke to Dr. James.
• My friend works with her father.
• Alex is a smart tall white boy.
• It's a beautiful red car.
• Mr. Aldy has just bought an expensive large house.

• My coach is happy.
• I like the cars over there.
• The woman who lives there is my aunt.
• Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
• I consider Meong my favorite cat.
• Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
• To read quickly and accurately is John’s goal.
• Two of my guests have arrived.
• Mr. Jones spoke to Dr. James.
• My friend works with her father.
• Alex is a smart tall white boy.
• It's a beautiful red car.
• Mr. Aldy has just bought an expensive large house.

No.	Pre-modifiers	EXAMPLES
1	Determiners	a, an, the, one, two, three, a few, some, several, all, this, that, my, your. etc.
2	Adjective (Phrase)	beautiful, big, old, rich, expensive, etc.
3	V-ing	challenging, sleeping, walking, shaking,
4	V-3	hidden, written, expected, baked, boiled
5	Noun	rice, book, birthday, English,

No.	Post-Modifiers	EXAMPLES
6	Prepositional Phrase	(prep+Noun) at, in, on, of, by,
7	V-ing Phrase	(Ving + Object/Adverb)
8	V-3 Phrase	(V-3 + Object/ Adverb)
9	to infinitive (Phrase)	to go, to eat, to study, etc.
10	Adjective Clause	who, whom, that, which, whose + ...........

	Noun Phrase	modifiers	Meaning
1.	a boy	(1+NH)	seorang anak
2.	a naughty boy	(1+2+NH)	anak nakal
3.	a sleeping child	(1+3+NH)	anak yang sedang tidur
4.	singing birds	(3+NH)	burung-burung yang berkicau
5.	a wtitten test	(1+4+NH)	test tertulis
6.	the imported products	(1+4+NH)	produk-produk yang diimpor
7.	a birthday cake	(1+5+NH)	roti ulang tahun
8.	The tree behind the house	(1+NH+6)	Pohon yang berada dibelakang rumah
9.	The people living in poverty	(1+NH+7)	Orang-orang yang hidup dalam kemiskinan
10.	The papers presented at the meeting	(1+NH+8)	Makalah yang dipresentasikan dalam pertemuan itu
11	the book to read	(1+NH+9)	buku untuk dibaca
12.	The man who has 3 wives	(1+NH+10)	Pria yang mempunyai

Simple Future Tense

Simple Future Tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
The structure of the simple future tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	main verb
		invariable		base
		will		V1

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	will		open	the door.
+	You	will		finish	before me.
-	She	will	not	be	at school tomorrow.
-	We	will	not	leave	yet.
?	Will	you		arrive	on time?
?	Will	they		want	dinner?

2. Going to

(+) S + be + going to + Verb I
(-) S + be + not + goimg to + Verb I
(?) be + S + going to + Verb I?

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

• No Plan: we use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking.

Example:

1. Hold on. I'll get a pen.
2. We will see what we can do to help you.
3. Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight
4. I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
5. I think I will have a holiday next year.
6. I don't think I'll buy that car.

• Prediction: we often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen.

Example:

1. It will rain tomorrow.
2. People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
3. Who do you think will get the job?

Note:
That when we have a plan or intention to do something in the future, we usually use other tenses or expressions, such as the present continuous tense or going to.

Time signal:

1. Tomorrow…

• Morning
• Afternoon
• Evening
• Night

2. Next…

• Time
• Week
• Month
• Year
• January

3. Tonight
4. The day after tomorrow
5. Soon
6. Later
7. Two, three more days
8. Two, three days later
9. By and by